英雄少年

按照7月6日职业联赛工作会议的通知要求，中超各俱乐部应最晚于7月20日将能否承办其主场比赛的书面意见回馈给赛事主办方。

B | 不过中国足协、中足联筹备组考虑到不同俱乐部在落实相关工作过程中遇到的实际困难，决定将这一期限延至7月22日。    On August 10, 1961, American forces for the first time spayed Agent Orange in Vietnam as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand.,Here’s a closer look into this highly toxic defoliant chemical, the use of which by the US military during the 1955-1975 Vietnam War resulted in up to one million people being disabled, according to the Red Cross of Vietnam’s estimates.,What is Agent Orange?,The defoliant derived its name from the color of the orange-striped US gallon barrels in which the chemical was shipped and stored.,It was created in 1940 and used in the United States as an agricultural defoliant, as it had the ability to kill some plants while leaving others unaffected.,Using the Defense Production Act of 1950, the US government prodded several American companies to make Agent Orange for military use. A 50:50 mixture of the herbicides 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D, the defoliant contains an extremely toxic dioxin compound.,Effects of Agent Orange,A 50:50 mixture of the 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Agent Orange contains the Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or TCDD, the most toxic of the dioxins, classified as a human carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency.,Even short-term exposure to TCDD can cause cancer, liver problems and a severe acne-like skin disease, known as chloracne. The dioxin is also linked to type 2 diabetes, immune system dysfunction, nerve disorders, muscular dysfunction, hormone disruption and heart disease.,Additionally, the chemical can cause miscarriages, spina bifida and other problems with fetal brain and nervous system development.,Use of Agent Orange in Vietnam,During the 1955-1975 Vietnam war, the first US defoliation missions were launched near the Vietnamese village of Dak To in 1961.,The goal was to remove cover and concealment used by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army, so as to reveal hidden bases, communications centers and potential targets, and to improve visibility in tracking troop movements.,More than 13 million gallons (about 59 million liters) of Agent Orange was used by the US military in Vietnam, or almost two-thirds of the total amount of herbicides used during the entire Vietnam War.,The chemical was available in slightly different mixtures, sometimes referred to as Agent Orange I, Agent Orange II, Agent Orange III and “Super Orange”.,End of Agent Orange?,In 1969, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) urged the Pentagon to end its use of herbicides containing dioxin, specifically Agent Orange, something that the Department of Defense (DoD) eventually did.,Even so, the defoliation campaign continued, with the US military switching to Agent White, a chemical herbicide that did not contain the dioxin contaminant.,In May 1970, the US Air Force (USAF) flew its last defoliation mission, and almost a year later, the DoD announced that all crop destruction missions would also cease.,The remaining 2.22 million gallons of Agent Orange were moved by the USAF to Johnston Island Atoll in the South Pacific, where they were incinerated.,Legacy,The Vietnamese government said that up to four million people in the country were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as three million people had suffered illness because of the defoliant.,The Vietnam Red Cross in turn pointed out that the defoliant had affected at least 150,000 children, and that babies in Vietnam are still being born with birth defects due to Agent Orange. In this regard, numerous studies revealed that dioxin levels are still in place in the blood samples of the citizens of both North and South Vietnam.,The chemical also caused immense environmental damage in Vietnam, with more than 3,100,000 hectares (31,000 km2) of forest being defoliated ( for comparison's sake, Taiwan measures 36,197 km2).,Opinion & AnalysisAnniversary of Agent Orange Disaster: Only United Can We Relieve the Suffering of Many Generations10:21 GMT,Agent Orange-related issues also emerged in the US after an increasing number of returning Vietnam veterans and their families began to report a range of health problems, including skin irritations, miscarriages, psychological symptoms, type 2 diabetes, birth defects in children and cancers such as Hodgkin’s disease, prostate cancer and leukemia.,1979 saw a class action lawsuit filed on behalf of 2.4 million US veterans, who were exposed to Agent Orange during their service in Vietnam. In 1984, seven major US chemical companies that manufactured the defoliant agreed to pay $180 million in damages to the veterans or their next of kin.,Vietnam War,The 1955-1975 Vietnam War, which involved Laos and Cambodia, pitted communist North Vietnam and the Viet Cong revolutionary organization against South Vietnam, supported by Washington.,Preconditions for the war pertained to the desire of North Vietnam, which defeated the French colonial administration in 1954, to unify the entire country under a single communist authority, like in the Soviet Union or China. The South Vietnamese government, for its part, sought to preserve a Vietnam more closely aligned with the West.,The US was concerned over the spread of communism to South Vietnam and then to the rest of Asia, which prompted Washington to end money, supplies and military advisers to help the South Vietnamese government.,On August 2, 1964, North Vietnamese boats attacked a US Navy destroyer, the USS Maddox, patrolling in the Gulf of Tonkin near Vietnam, in what was used by the White House as a pretext to escalate the war and send American combat units to the South East Asian country. However, the US costs and casualties in the war prompted Washington to withdraw American troops by 1973, and a couple of years later, South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North.,An array of war crimes was committed by the US military during the war, including the My Lai massacre, in which up to 504 unarmed South Vietnamese civilians, including women, children, and infants, were killed by US Army soldiers on March 16, 1968.,Another war crime pertains to Operation Speedy Express, conducted by the US Army in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta between December 1968 and May 1969 as part of the American military’s effort to pacify the Viet Cong. The operation led to 5,000 to 7,000 casualties who were reported to have been civilians.。从目前情况看，绝大多数中超俱乐部均欢迎并支持联赛恢复主客场制。部分俱乐部甚至已经确认各自主场场地，包括梅州客家在内的部分俱乐部已经正式回函同意承办本俱乐部队主场比赛。考察组分AB组先后对 7家俱乐部场地进行考察 在7月6日进行的职业联赛工作会议暨中超老总峰会上，中足联筹备组通报各俱乐部，本赛季中超联赛余下24轮赛事，也就是第11轮至第34轮赛事计划将于8月5日开始，至12月中旬落幕。比赛拟恢复主客场赛制。

C | 为此，赛事主办方已通过各俱乐部向其属地体育管理部门及政府相关其他部门发去了主场申办工作意见征集函，并希望各俱乐部最晚于7月20日将具体意见反馈回来。因承办中超赛事需要满足各类条件，中足联筹备组决定对各俱乐部主场办赛条件进行实地考察。具体考察工作于7月7日，也就是联赛会议结束后第2天正式开始。

考察组兵分两路，先后对6座候选赛区城市7家俱乐部的场地进行了考察。其中A组先后完成了对成都市凤凰山专业球场、武汉市体育中心体育场、五环体育中心体育场、郑州航海体育场；B组先后完成了对深圳龙岗大运体育场、长春市内的一座体育场、济南奥体中心（鲁能大球场）的考察。也就是说，成都蓉城、武汉三镇、武汉长江、河南嵩山龙门、深圳、长春亚泰、山东泰山7家中超俱乐部的主场首选场地均已接受了工作组的考察，且这些场地均通过了本轮考察。未接受本轮考察的场地 大多此前承办过大型赛事 至于余下中超各俱乐部场地未接受本轮考察，主要是因为其候选主场场馆此前大多曾成功举办过大型体育或足坛赛事，近期也接受过专业团队的考察，或正在承办职业足球赛事。比如，大连人俱乐部属地大连市、梅州客家俱乐部属地梅州市刚刚承办了中超联赛首阶段赛事，其比赛及训练场地自然满足承办主场比赛的条件。本周，从大连赛区传来消息，曾经承接中超联赛首阶段大连赛区部分赛事的大连市普湾体育场将成为大连人队本赛季的主场，相关信息已得到当地有关部门官方确认。浙江足球俱乐部计划将湖州市的一座球场申报为本队主场场地，在此之前，该场地曾作为杭州亚运会备选赛事场地接受过考察，条件亦符合中超办赛要求。

D | 广州赛区曾经多次承办过中超比赛，赛区内多座球场还曾成功承接过中国队备战与比赛接待任务，因此只要同城两家中超俱乐部与赛区属地及场地方面达成共识，那么重新承办中超赛事就非常有希望。北京国安、上海两支球队 能否在属地城市比赛还没确定 据了解，部分俱乐部在属地政府部门支持下，于联赛工作会议结束后两三天内就确认可以承办中超主场赛事。包括梅州客家、大连人、长春亚泰、河南嵩山龙门、武汉两家俱乐部在内的部分俱乐部，承接各自主场比赛的前景均比较乐观，有些甚至已经明确可以承办主场比赛。至于北京国安、上海两支球队能否在其俱乐部属地城市进行主场比赛目前还没有确切答案。不过，在过去两个赛季期间，距离上海市地理位置较近的苏州赛区，特别是其中的昆山赛区的球场曾经多次承办过两支上海球队的比赛，还曾承办过“上海德比”，且观众上座率较高。因此理论上来说，两支上海球队存在将苏州（昆山）赛区部分场地申报为本俱乐部队主场的可能性。文/本报记者 肖赧