薛平贵与王宝钏

胶卷生产复苏柯达扩产 美国制造业薪资大涨为何仍招工难_我的网站

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胶卷巨头伊士曼柯达公司近日表示，由于胶卷摄影正在复苏，需要增产才能满足消费者对相机胶卷的需求。

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    Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi attends a Nagasaki Peace Ceremony to commemorate the 81st anniversary of the atomic bombing at the Peace Park in Nagasaki City on August 9, 2026. Photo: VCGJapanese officials and members of the public urged the government to uphold the Three Non-Nuclear principles and pursue a security policy that does not rely on nuclear weapons, as Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi maintained an ambiguous stance on the long-held policy during a speech on Sunday marking the 81st anniversary of the US atomic bombing of Nagasaki.
Chinese experts noted that, similar to her ambiguous remarks at the memorial ceremony in Hiroshima, Takaichi stopped short of making a clear commitment to maintaining the Three Non-Nuclear Principles in the future, as her government's stance on nuclear issues has sparked concern and anger among the Japanese public. They also warned that, given Japan's lack of thorough reflection on its wartime aggression, Tokyo's moves to dilute the Three Non-Nuclear Principles should raise alarm across the international community.
"Our country firmly upholds the three non-nuclear principles, and under the pledge that 'Nagasaki shall be the last city to suffer a nuclear attack,' we are promoting realistic and practical initiatives toward the realization of a world without nuclear weapons," Takaichi claimed, according to the Japan Times. 
But unlike previous prime ministers, many of whom had pledged that Japan would "continue to uphold" the principles, Takaichi merely described the government's current position without making an explicit commitment about the future, per the report.
As Hiroshima observed the 81st anniversary of the US atomic bombing of the city on Thursday, Takaichi also emphasized that Japan pledges to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons while upholding the Three Non-Nuclear Principles, despite Japanese media noting that she has left the door open for future revisions.
Takaichi's remarks in Hiroshima and Nagasaki that Japan upholds the three non-nuclear principles were largely seen as a reaffirmation of the country's existing policy position rather than a pledge to maintain the principles in the future, Liu Jiangyong, a professor at the Institute of International Studies at Tsinghua University, told the Global Times. 
Liu said that currently, some Japanese officials' dangerous remarks on nuclear have sparked criticism among Japanese society. He pointed out that Takaichi only referred to Japan's current adherence to the principles, without explicitly committing to preserving them going forward. Her subsequent focus on broader goals such as achieving a "world without nuclear weapons" has further fueled questions over her actual policy intentions.
Japanese Defense Minister Shinjiro Koizumi claimed in an online program released in July that discussions on nuclear weapons were necessary to strengthen Japan's defense capabilities, according to Kyodo News. While acknowledging that the issue was difficult to discuss in Japan, he claimed it was something that "could not be avoided." 
Opposition to the Takaichi administration's nuclear-related moves has emerged across Japan, including from local governments, media organizations and civil society groups.
According to statistics from the Japanese Diet, at least 128 local assemblies across the country had submitted written opinions to the central government or parliament between Takaichi's inauguration on October 21 last year and July 28 this year, calling for the country's Three Non-Nuclear Principles to be upheld, according to Xinhua News Agency.
In an interview with the AFP, 82-year-old Satoshi Tanaka, a campaigner who survived the 1945 attack on Hiroshima expressed frustration that current political leaders like Takaichi are focusing on military capacity at the expense of diplomacy.
"There is so much talk about national security. What about building peace through diplomacy?" he said.
Responding to a question concerning the Japanese authorities are rebuilding Japan's war machine, seeking to revise the Three Non-Nuclear Principles, and pursuing nuclear sharing with the US, even the possession of nuclear weapons, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian said on Thursday that the devastation and tragedies brought by nuclear weapons should never repeat themselves. That said, the particular context of the nuclear explosions should all the more be remembered and the lessons of Japanese militarism's aggression and expansion must forever serve as an alarm.
The Tokyo's moves on nuclear policy have also raised concerns in the international community.
Russia considers the rhetoric of Japanese authorities regarding the need for Japan to revise its Three Non-Nuclear Principles provocative and unacceptable, Russian Ambassador to Japan Nikolai Nozdrev said in an interview with RIA Novosti, which was published on Saturday. 
Responding to Koizumi's remarks on nuclear discussion, Nozdrev said "This is the first time in Japan's history, as the only country to have suffered atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, that a sitting defense minister has publicly called for lifting the 'taboo' on discussions related to nuclear weapons. We consider such rhetoric from official Tokyo provocative and absolutely unacceptable."
Japan has yet to fully reckon with its wartime aggression, thus any attempt by Tokyo to move toward acquiring nuclear weapons could pose serious risks to regional peace and global security, Lü Chao, an expert on the Korean Peninsula issue at the Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times.
Such concerns have become more pronounced as Japan increasingly portrays China as a major security challenge while highlighting perceived threats from other countries, against such a backdrop, any further steps to dilute the three non-nuclear principles are likely to heighten concerns internationally, particularly among countries that suffered from Japanese aggression during World War II, said Lü.
。“令人欣慰的是需求回来了，我们需要高水平的技术人员来制造并保持机器运转。

三 | ”柯达胶片制造副总裁布金凯尔（Nagraj Boukinkere）表示。新的需求将为柯达创造新的就业机会，柯达表示，目前正在寻找75个空缺职位。但是现在的问题是，他们可能难以招到工人，或者需要为此支付更高的劳动报酬。

四 | 美国招聘速度创新高随着美国制造业的回归，企业正在争相雇佣工人，美国工厂的招聘速度也创下几十年来的新高。美国最新的9月就业数据显示，美国制造行业在9月增加了22000名工人，自今年4月以来，美国制造业就业以约4%的速度增长，创下1984年以来的最快增速。在过去12个月内，美国制造业新增就业岗位达50万个。

五 | 即便这样，制造企业也无法招聘到足够的工人来填补工厂岗位的空缺。根据美国劳工部的报告，在去年的大部分时间里，制造业仍有约80万个职位短缺。美国制造商协会首席执行官杰伊·蒂蒙斯（Jay Timmons）表示，制造行业每100个空缺的职位，应聘的人只有60个，要把这个空缺填补需要相当长的时间。蒂蒙斯还表示，制造业的薪酬在过去一年中上涨了5%，尤其是对熟练工的争夺激烈，这也将推动该行业的薪酬继续上涨。

六 | 锐珂医疗大中华区总裁刘杰对第一财经记者表示：“美国制造业回流是一大趋势，但工人难招、工资上涨仍然是突出问题。”锐珂医疗前身为伊斯曼柯达医疗业务，后来从柯达剥离出来。自2020年新冠疫情以来，美国制造业的招聘就一直面临挑战。“随着全球经济对供应链产生更多的担忧，许多依赖海外供应商的美国公司已将重点转移到离本土更近的原材料和零部件来源。”一位国内大型医疗设备制造商美国生产基地负责人告诉第一财经记者，“毫无疑问，现在美国制造业的劳动力面临短缺，招人也面临困难，尤其是难以招到具有成熟技术的工人。”上述人士认为，制造业的自动化可能会成为未来一大趋势。“一些工厂可能需要提升机器人的比例来替代工人，但不得不承认，并不是所有的工作程序都能由机器来完成。”他表示。全球最大的电动车厂商特斯拉也面临劳动力短缺。为此，特斯拉CEO马斯克推出了一款人形机器人“擎天柱”，他希望把特斯拉变成世界上最大的机器人公司。马斯克的长期愿景是让机器取代大部分劳动力，来从事“危险的、重复的、和无聊的任务”。薪资上涨岗位仍招不满一家位于美国宾州生产工程机械设备的美国制造商表示，工厂愿意支付工人更高的价格，以加快生产速度，但即便是每小时的薪资上涨至20至30美元，也很难招到符合要求的工人。

七 | 某国际人力资源技术公司中国区高管李新宇对第一财经记者表示：“当前美国制造商在吸引工人方面面临的最大问题之一，是美国人愿意从事“蓝领”工作的人越来越少，这一方面是由于美国近几十年大力发展技术行业，科技人才能得到高薪，“蓝领”薪酬低；另一方面，美国的“零工经济”很发达，越来越多的人宁可选择灵活就业。”他还表示，美国原本对移民就业的政策就相对较为严格，在出台了“芯片法案”之后，加剧了人才市场的供需矛盾，导致包括芯片在内的制造业难招工的情况。调研机构Statista数据显示，美国从事灵活就业的人口达到5700万左右。今天，美国只有不到10%的私营部门工作岗位在制造业，而二战结束时这一比例曾超过40%。

八 | 另据美国劳工部报告，制造业工作的平均每周工资为1250美元，即年薪65000美元，虽然这相较于科技巨头的薪资水平要低很多，但仍然比美国私营部门的工作岗位的平均收入高出11%，比零售工作岗位高超过80%。

九 | 业内人士表示，随着技术的进步，制造业对于工人技能的要求也越来越高，而现在很多国家在先进技工人才储备方面还面临缺口。“其实我们应该对工人岗位有新的认识。”李新宇对第一财经记者表示，“今天看到美国制造业回流，有相当一部分集中在高精尖的制造业，招聘的技术工人已不再是传统的焊接工人这类简单的操作工，而是需要懂得操作控制精密仪器的，那么美国劳动力市场上是否已经有足够的高级技工的储备？我认为可能还有很大一部分缺口。

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Published on:17:23:05