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EU seeks answers to rising security challenges as Israel-Hamas war fuels new concerns_我的网站

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一 | “雪龙”号在密集冰区行驶。

二 | BRUSSELS -- The European Union began taking steps on Thursday to limit the impact of the war between Israel and Hamas on the bloc, amid heightened security tensions after a firebomb attack on a Berlin synagogue and killings in Belgium and France by suspected Islamist extremists.Spain, which currently holds the EU's rotating presidency, activated a crisis mechanism to speed up decision-making and coordination between the 27 member countries, the bloc's institutions and major partners like the United Nations or the United States.Officials from across the EU have expressed concerns about a rise in antisemitic attacks, radicalization online, the use of encrypted messaging services by extremists, and the need to speed up the deportation of people who might pose a public danger.But calls for an increase in security across the board are creating deep unease as the solutions being discussed could undermine free movement and the right to assemble in Europe.Italy is introducing border checks to counter a possible rise in tensions over the Israel-Hamas war. Denmark and Sweden are too, due to what they say is an “Islamist terrorist threat.” France intends to keep checks in place until at least May 2024, citing “new terrorist threats and external borders situation.”More police have been deployed in Belgium, France and Germany.EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell believes part of the solution to Europe's security woes must involve the bloc helping diplomatically and financially to bring an end to years of conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.“We have learned from history that the most difficult decisions are always taken when we are on the edge of the abyss. I believe that is where we are now: on the edge of the abyss,” Borrell told EU lawmakers on Wednesday.“When I hear Muslim religious authorities speaking the language of inter-religious conflict and explicitly stating that Europe is a party to this conflict, I feel that the storm clouds are looming,” he said.Still, not all of Europe’s challenges are directly linked to the war.Earlier on Thursday, Sweden hosted a meeting of ministers from eight countries, among them Germany, Belgium and France, focused on how to handle incidents where people burn the Muslim holy book, the Quran.Prosecutors are trying to establish whether that was a key motive for a Tunisian man to shoot three Swedes in Brussels on Monday, killing two of them, ahead of a Belgium-Sweden soccer match in the capital.While the Quran burnings are not directly linked to the conflict between Israel and Hamas, they are a sign of rising tensions between religious and other communities in Europe.The war that began Oct. 7 has become the deadliest of five Gaza wars for both sides. More than 5,000 people have been killed in Israel and Gaza. Nearly 12,500 Palestinians have been wounded, and over 200 people in Israel taken hostage.“We have to address multiple impacts from the continuing crisis in the Middle East" in the EU, European Commission Vice-President Margaritis Schinas said.“This entails the protection of our Jewish communities, but also the protection against a generalized climate of Islamophobia that has no place in our society,” he told reporters in Luxembourg, where EU interior ministers were meeting.Pro-Palestinian rallies have been held in several European cities since the war. France has banned them. Germany has also promised to take tougher action against Hamas, which is already on the EU’s list of terrorist organizations.Chancellor Olaf Scholz told the German parliament that local authorities “must not allow gatherings … at which it must be feared that antisemitic slogans will be shouted, that people’s deaths will be glorified and everything we can’t accept here.”In France, the Palace of Versailles — a major tourist attraction — and three airports were evacuated for security reasons and temporarily closed Wednesday. The incidents were the latest in a spate of evacuations in the past five days, and the French government is threatening to fine or jail prank callers.They followed the killing of a teacher in northern France on Friday by a suspected Islamist extremist.French Interior Minister Gerland Darmanin noted that two foreigners were behind the recent attacks in Belgium and France, and he insisted that long-delayed reforms of EU asylum rules must be put in place.Europe must “manage our borders, register people and conduct the security interviews that are necessary before every asylum request,” he told reporters.The EU has agreements with Turkey and Tunisia to persuade them to prevent migrants reaching Europe — and take them back if they do get through — but they are not working well. Other deals, with Egypt notably, are planned. Only around one in four people refused entry ever return home. ___John Leicester in Paris and Geir Moulson in Berlin contributed to this report.。

三 | 陈瑜摄考察队员在冰站作业。

四 | 陈瑜摄　　8月7日，中国第16次北冰洋考察队（以下简称“考察队”）“雪龙”号考察队员在北冰洋中央区域（北纬83°50′）完成第12个冰站作业任务。这也是此次考察中“雪龙”号的最后一个冰站作业点。考察队副领队、首席科学家何剑锋8月11日表示，此次冰站作业数量创历史新高，通过周密谋划，顺利完成了全部冰面科考物资的运输保障任务，布放各类冰基浮标30余套。　　7月3日，考察队员搭乘“雪龙2”号、“雪龙”号从大连起航。“雪龙”号于7月15日通过白令海峡进入北极圈，随后在北冰洋全面开展作业。　　在进入北极圈前，“雪龙”号自7月7日起，在航渡中于西北太平洋公海区域布放XCTD（投弃式温盐深测量仪）和抛弃式Argo（地转海洋学实时观测阵）海洋剖面浮标。　　XCTD是能快速获取海水温度、电导率（盐度）和深度剖面数据的海洋测量仪器。其核心优势在于可走航测量，具有快捷、操作简便、作业效率高等优点，可一次获取数百米的海洋温盐深剖面数据。

五 | 　　Argo浮标是全球海洋观测系统的核心装备。当它入海后，会按照预设程序自动下潜至目标深度，然后再上浮持续采集温度、盐度和压力（深度）等数据，并在浮出水面完成数据卫星传送后，下潜重复进行剖面观测。　　我国自1999年开展北冰洋考察，前10次考察主要集中在太平洋扇区的白令海、楚科奇海和加拿大海盆区，其中第5和第8次考察涵盖了大西洋扇区的北欧海；近5次考察主要集中在楚科奇海台、加拿大海盆和加克洋中脊为主的北冰洋中央区。　　据了解，此次是“雪龙”号第10次执行北冰洋考察任务，也是时隔6年再次出征北极。航渡期间，考察队细化实施方案，开办北极大学“雪龙分校”，举行“雪龙”知识竞赛等活动，增进队员对极地的认知。（记者陈瑜） 【延伸阅读】　　为何到茫茫北冰洋建冰站？　　有了“雪龙”号，为什么还要到冰上开展作业？考察队副领队、首席科学家何剑锋告诉记者，北极海冰在气候环境调节中起着重要作用，是历次考察的重点研究对象。开展冰上作业的目的，一是对海冰以及气-冰-海界面开展精细化观测和采样；二是依托海冰作为平台布放无人值守长期观测装备，以获取连续观测数据。　　近年来，不少学者致力于研究北极海冰对我国气候的影响。受后勤保障条件的制约，船基考察主要集中在夏季，意味着考察数据都来自夏天，而北极对全球的影响是全年的。为此，在浮冰上布放无人值守长期连续观测设备，是弥补船基考察不足、获取长期连续数据的重要手段。　　按照习惯性叫法，冰站分为两种，其中短期冰站是指持续数小时、以基础环境数据和样品采集为主的冰站；长期冰站是指持续数天、以过程观测和研究为主的冰站。　　“雪龙”号海冰队队长屈猛告诉记者，此次设置的12个冰站均为短期冰站。因为纬度相对较低的楚科奇海台大洋作业区冰情较重（不适合大洋作业），考察队根据实际情况并经综合考虑后将高纬度的冰站作业调整到7月下旬先行开展。

六 | 考虑到接下来的两个月海冰将进一步融化，为使布放在海冰上的无人观测设备能够撑过夏季融冰期、持续运行更长时间，建站寻找的是更厚的海冰，预设冰站的纬度也相对较高，均在北纬82度以北，与“雪龙”号往年冰站布放位置相比，纬度总体偏高。　　冰站作业开始前，考察队会先派人探冰。这是因为哪怕是在严冬时节，北冰洋的海冰也并非静止不动，而是在风和流的作用下漂移不定，由此形成大大小小的海冰。